Type 2 diabetes is associated with the accumulation of senescent T cells

EYM Lau, EC Carroll, LA Callender… - Clinical & …, 2019 - academic.oup.com
EYM Lau, EC Carroll, LA Callender, GA Hood, V Berryman, M Pattrick, S Finer, GA Hitman
Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 2019academic.oup.com
Type 2 diabetes is a global health priority, given that it is driven, in part, by an ageing
population, the role of immune senescence has been overlooked. This is surprising, as the
functional impairments of senescent T cells show strong similarities to patients with
hyperglycaemia. Immune senescence is typified by alterations in T cell memory, such as the
accumulation of highly differentiated end-stage memory T cells, as well as a constitutive low-
grade inflammation, which drives further immune differentiation. We show here in a …
Summary
Type 2 diabetes is a global health priority, given that it is driven, in part, by an ageing population, the role of immune senescence has been overlooked. This is surprising, as the functional impairments of senescent T cells show strong similarities to patients with hyperglycaemia. Immune senescence is typified by alterations in T cell memory, such as the accumulation of highly differentiated end-stage memory T cells, as well as a constitutive low-grade inflammation, which drives further immune differentiation. We show here in a preliminary study that people living with type 2 diabetes have a higher circulating volume of senescent T cells accompanied with a higher level of systemic inflammation. This inflammatory environment drives the expression of a unique array of chemokine receptors on senescent T cells, most notably C-X-C motif chemokine receptor type 2. However, this increased expression of migratory markers does not translate to improved extravasation owing to a lack of glucose uptake by the T cells. Our results therefore demonstrate that the presence of senescent T cells has a detrimental impact on immune function during type 2 diabetes.
Oxford University Press