In this article, experts will discuss some of the current challenges and future directions in the treatment of pediatric ALL. The authors will offer expert guidance to practicing oncologists on how to best incorporate newer treatment approaches into the care of children and adolescents with ALL. The most important ongoing clinical trials in the area will also be reviewed.

Learning objectives: After participating in this activity, physicians should be able to outline current challenges in the frontline treatment of children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); describe differences in risk stratification and treatment approaches for ALL in adolescents as compared with younger children; discuss important ongoing clinical trials in ALL and their potential impact on the management of ALL in children and adolescents; list promising emerging approaches to the treatment of ALL in children and adolescents; and identify potential treatment options for children and adolescents who relapse despite current therapy for ALL.